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Turtles are reptiles belonging to the order Testudines. They are characterized by a bony or cartilaginous shell that encases their body, offering protection and support. The shell comprises the dorsal carapace and ventral plastron, fused to the spine and ribcage. Turtles exhibit a wide variety of habitats, ranging from aquatic to terrestrial, with adaptations for each lifestyle. Their limbs are modified into flippers for swimming in aquatic species, while terrestrial turtles possess sturdy limbs. They display anatomic variations based on diet and environment. Turtles are ectothermic, relying on external heat sources to regulate body temperature, and many species can retract their head and limbs into the shell for defense.